Sumário Itens Encontrados: 433PART I THE JOB OF THE ORACLE DBA1 The World of a Database Administrator 32 The Database Administratorâs Job Description 133 History and Development of Databases and Oracle 434 Oracle and Its Environments 555 The Tools of the Trade 75PART II UNDERSTANDING HOW ORACLE WORKS6 How the Oracle RDBMS Works 977 Oracle Memory Structures 1098 Oracle Files 1239 Oracle Processes 13710 Basic Oracle Database Objects 15311 Oracle System Privileges 17112 Oracle Object Privileges 19113 Roles and Grants 20514 Backup and Recovery 223PART III INSTALLING AND UPGRADING THE ORACLE SOFTWARE15 The Life Cycle of an Oracle Database 25116 Choosing Products and the Environment forYour Oracle Database 26117 Planning an Oracle Installation 27718 Oracle Installations 29519 Planning an Oracle Upgrade 31120 Oracle Upgrades 321PART IV DEVELOPING A DATABASE ADMINISTRATION SCHEME21 The Database Administration Scheme 32922 Laying Out a Database 33923 A Routine Maintenance Schedule 35124 Developing Scripts to Automate Tasks 363ORACLE iv DBA SURVIVAL GUIDEPART V THE DAILY ROUTINE25 The âTypicalâ Day 38326 User Account Maintenance 39327 Tablespace Maintenance 40928 Table and Index Maintenance 423PART VI MONITORING THE DATABASEâS HEALTH29 The Health of a Database 44730 Routine Monitoring 45731 Auditing 47932 Tuning the Database 49533 Looking Toward the Future 517PART VII DEALING WITH PROBLEMS34 When Problems Occur 53135 Space Problems 54736 Instance and Application Crashes 56337 When the Database Is Too Slow 57538 Troubleshooting Checklist 58539 Sound Database Object Design 59340 Query Optimization 61141 Keeping Current as a DBA 629PART IX ADVANCED ORACLE TECHNICAL FEATURES42 Rollback Segments 64143 Locks 64944 Parallel Processing Options 65545 Packages, Procedures, and Triggers 66346 Client-Server and Networking 67347 Where To Next? 68148 Oracle Workgroup Server and Oracle 7.2 687APPENDIXESA SQL Commands 695B Glossary of Terms 701C SQL*Plus Features 705D SQL*DBA Features 711E SQL*Loaders 715F Import and Export 719G Where to Get More Information 725H Sample System Configuration Analyses 727Index 737PART I THE JOB OF THE ORACLE DBA 1The Concept of a Database Administrator 7Variety of Responsibilities 8Summary 11Types of Database Administrator 15The Full-Time Database Administrator 18Developers Acting as Database Administrators. 23Scientists, Engineers, and Other Users as DBAs 28Database Administrator Tasks 32Is the Database Secure Enough? 33Does the Database Perform Well Enough? 35Is the Data Accurate? 37Is the Data Stored in a Logical and Accessible Manner? 37Interfacing with System Administrators and Other Support Staff 37Understanding the Application Needs 39Summary 42Computerized Data Storage 44The First Databases 46Relational Databases 48Oracleâs History 50The Current Database Market 51What Next? 52Summary 53What Is Oracle? 56Alternative Architectures 57Oracle Development Tools Versus the Database 61Oracle Utilities 63Third-Party Products 66Assembling the Parts into an Architecture 69Summary 73The Basics: SQL*DBA 78The Next Generation: Oracle Server Manager 81Personal Oracle7 for Microsoft Windows 82The Command-Line Interface: SQL*Plus 88Import and Export 90Loading Data from External Systems: SQL*Loader 91Third-Party Products 93Locally Developed Tools 93Summary 93PART II UNDERSTANDING HOW ORACLE WORKS 95Overview 98The Oracle Processes 101Memory and Speed 102Disk Storage 104Multiprocessing and Microsoft Windows Configurations 106Summary 107Overview 110The System Global Area (SGA) 112The Program Global Area (PGA) 117User Work Spaces 119Summary 120File Locations 125Data Files 127Redo Log Files 129Archive Log Files 131Control Files 133Initialization Files 133Log and Trace Files 135Summary 136Overview 138The System Monitor 142The Process Monitor 144The Database Writer 144The Log Writer 147The Archiver 148The Recoverer 148The Lock Writer 148Dedicated Server Processes 149Multi-Threaded Server Processes 149SQL*Net Listeners 150Parallel Query Processes 150Oracle 7 for Microsoft Windows. 151Summary 151Overview of Storage and Access 154Tables 159Indexes 162Views 164Synonyms 166Stored Procedures 167Clusters 168Sequences 169Summary 169Overview of Oracle Privileges 172Overview of System Privileges 176The User Privileges 178The Developer Privileges 178The âAnyâ Privileges 180The Database Maintenance Privileges 185The Monitoring Privilege 187Typical Privilege Sets. 188The âAnyâ Privilege Sets 189Summary 190Overview 192Object Privileges 196Using Dummy Object Owners 198A Typical Privilege Scheme 199Summary 203Introduction to Grants 206Introduction to Roles (Version 7 Feature) 209Grants Without Roles. 212A Typical Privilege Scheme 212Use of Scripts to Capture Privilege Sets 220Summary 221The Importance of Backups 224Overview of Oracle Backup Schemes 225Archive Log or No Archive Log 228Cold Backups 229Warm Backups 236Exports 238Which Scheme to Choose 239Rotating Backup Schemes 242Automated Backup Schemes 245What About Mirrored Disks? 247Summary 248PART III INSTALLING AND UPGRADINGTHE ORACLE SOFTWARE 249Product Selection 254Planning the Installation 255Installation 256When to Upgrade 257Planning Upgrades 258Upgrading the Oracle Software 259Summary 26016 Choosing Products and the Environment 261Getting All the Pieces. 262Host-Based and Server-Based Architectures 268Client-Server Architectures 271Dealing with Vendors 274Summary 276Starting with Business Needs 279The Installation and Configuration Guide 281The README File 284Oracleâs Recommended Layout 285Calculating Data Space 288Memory Area Planning 289Process Planning 289ORACLE x DBA SURVIVAL GUIDEDeveloping Your Own Installation Plan 290Some Good Reviewers 292Summary 292Overview 296Starting with a System Backup. 298The Oracle Installer 299Installing the Oracle Application Software 301UNIX Installations 303Creating a Database with the Installer 304Dealing with Installation Problems 305Manually Creating a Database 307Summary 309Overview 312Storing the New Software 314The Importance of the README File 314Changes Needed in the Database 315Other Factors to Consider 315The Backout Plan 317Lining Up Support 318Summary 319The Oracle Installer: To Use or Not? 323Another Backup Lecture 324Loading and Linking the New Software 324Upgrading the Database 325When Problems Occur 325Summary 326PART IV DEVELOPING A DATABASE ADMINISTRATION SCHEME 32721 The Administration Scheme 329What Is a DBA Scheme? 330Technical Factors to Consider 333Matching User Requirements 335Preparing for the Future 336Summary 338Overview 340Data Files 341Control Files 344Online Redo Log Files 345Archive Log Files 346The Configuration Process 346Expansion of the Database 348Summary 349Overview 352Starting with User and System Processing Schedules 355Types of Activities 357The Daily Schedule 359The Long-Term Schedule 360Summary 361Automation of DBA Tasks 365SQL Scripts and System Scripts 367Automatic Job Submission Utilities 373Developing and Testing Scripts 377Monitoring the Results 378Summary 379PART V THE DAILY ROUTINE 381Scheduled Events 386Monitoring 386User Support 387Problems 388If There Is Any Time Left 390Summary 391User Maintenance and the Security Scheme 394Using System Logon IDs for Access 396Adding New Users to the Database 399Changing User Access Rights 402Deleting Users from the System 406Temporarily Disabling Users. 407Summary 408Care and Feeding of Tablespaces 410Monitoring and Planning 416Typical Problems and Their Solutions 418Summary 422Care and Feeding of Tables and Indexes 424Monitoring Tables and Indexes 434Typical Problems and Their Solutions 436Fragmentation 442Summary 443PART VI MONITORING THE DATABASEâS HEALTH 445What Is a âHealthyâ Database? 448Monitoring Programs 451Auditing 454Tuning 455Summary 455A Routine Monitoring Program 458Scripts and Reports 460Utilization Monitoring 462Tuning Monitoring 465Security Monitoring 470Configuration Monitoring 474Third-Party Tools 477Summary 478Overview 480Oracle Auditing Events 483Auditing and Performance 491Auditing as Part of Security Monitoring 491Deciding What to Audit 492Summary 494What Is Tuning? 496What Can You Control? 498Host Computer Indicators 504Oracle Resource Contention 506A Tuning Checklist 513Summary 514Knowing Where the Database Is Going 518When More Is Needed 522Proving Your Case 523Summary 527PART VII DEALING WITH PROBLEMS 529Routine Requests, Problems, and Real Problems. 533Classifying the Problem 536Resources to Identify the Problems 539Unknown Problems and Approaches 541Supporting Resources. 542The Ten Most Common Problems Youâll Face 543Service Level Agreements 544Summary 545Identifying the True Problem 548Cleaning Out Tablespaces 551Expanding Tablespaces 553Compressing the Number of Extents 555Alternatives: Reducing Data Storage 559Keeping the Data Definition Language (DDL) 560Summary 560Tracing the Problem. 564Log Files Can Help 566Operating System Conflicts 569Expanding Oracle Resources for Applications 570Reducing Oracle Resources for Applications 571When to Call Oracle 571Summary 573When Is a Database Too Slow? 576Managing User Expectations 578Checking Tuning of the Database 579Application Tuning 580When Additional Capacity Is Required. 581Summary 583Summary 589ORACLE xiv DBA SURVIVAL GUIDEOverview 594Normalization and Table Design. 597Table Design Modifications for Decision Support 600When and How to Use Indexes 601Naming Conventions 604Summary Tables Versus Views 606Sizing Tables 606Sizing Indexes 609Summary 610Factors Designers Can Control 613The Rule-Based Optimizer. 616The Cost-Based Optimizer 617Execution Plans 619Hints 622Indexes 624General Guidelines 624The Value of Experimentation 626Summary 626The Changing Environment 631Training Vendors 632Books 634A Test Instance 635The Internet 635User Groups 637Summary 638PART IX ADVANCED ORACLE TECHNICAL FEATURES 639Introduction 642Special Storage Considerations 644Common and Confusing Error Messages 645Setting Up Rollback Segments 647Summary 648Overview 650Types of Locks Applied. 651Freeing Locks 653Determining When an Application is Waitingfor a Lock to Release 653Summary 654Types of Parallel Processing 657When to Use Parallel Processing. 658Distributed Databases Versus Parallel Servers 658Multi-Threaded Servers 659Asynchronous Database Writers 660Parallel Query 661Parallel Recovery 661Summary 662Software Stored in the Database 664The Object-Oriented World 666Trigger Types and Uses 667Database Procedures 668Database Packages 670When to Use Packages, Procedures, and Triggers 671Summary 671What Is Client-Server?. 674Typical Client-Server Architectures 678Tricks to Administering a Client-Server Database 679Distributed Databases 680Summary 680The Oracle Environment 682The DBAâs Job 683Tips to Make Life Easier 684The Future 685First Impressions of the Workgroup Server Concept 688Oracle 7.2 690Rumors and Gossip About Oracle 8 691Summary 691APPENDIXES 693Object Creation Commands 696Object Modification Commands 698Object Deletion Commands 699Calling SQL*Plus 706Output Formatting 706Working with SQL Files 708SQL*Plus Versus SQL*DBA 709Command Line Versus Screen Mode 712Menu Interface 712Monitors 713Killing User Sessions 713Oracle Server Manager 713Using Load Tables and Population Scripts. 716Fixed Column Versus Delimited Formats 716An Example Control File 717Useful Optional Parameters 717Command Line Versus Interactive 720Import Parameters 720Requirements for Running Import 721Oracle Export 721An Export and Import Example 721Conventional Addresses 726FTP Sites 726World Wide Web Pages 726Newsgroups 726