Sumário Itens Encontrados: 475 Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: RAC Concepts 27 Chapter 3: RAC Architecture 63 Chapter 4: Hardware 97 Chapter 5: Virtualization 165 Chapter 6: Linux Installation and Configuration 231 Chapter 7: Grid Infrastructure Installation 323 Chapter 8: Clusterware 379 Chapter 9: Automatic Storage Management 455 Chapter 10: RDBMS Installation and Configuration 505 Chapter 11: Workload Management 559 Chapter 12: Oracle Performance Monitoring 607 Chapter 13: Linux Performance Monitoring 653 Chapter 14: Parallel Execution 687 Chapter 15: Upgrading to Oracle 11g Release 2 717 Index 771Introducing Oracle Real Application Clusters 1Examining the RAC Architecture 3Deploying RAC 4Maintaining High Availability 5Defining Scalability 6Scaling Vertically vs. Horizontally 7Increasing Manageability 8Assessing the Cost of Ownership 10Clustering with Oracle on Linux 13Running Linux on Oracle 16Understanding the Role of Unix 16Liberating Software 17Developing Linux 18Expanding the Concept of Free with Open Source 19Combining Oracle, Open Source, and Linux 20Drilling Down on Unbreakable Linux 21Creating and Growing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 22Extending Red Hat with Oracle Enterprise Linux 23Drilling Down on SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 24Taking Linux to Asia 25Summary 25Clustering Concepts 27Configuring Active/active Clusters 27Implementing Active/passive Clusters 28Configuring a Shared-All Architecture 28Configuring a Shared-Nothing Architecture 29Exploring the Main RAC Concepts 29Working with Cluster Nodes 29Leveraging the Interconnect 30Clusterware/Grid Infrastructure 31Leveraging Automatic Storage Management 39Installing Real Application Clusters 44Using the Global Resource Directory (GRD) 49Transferring Data Between Instances with Cache Fusion 51Achieving Read Consistency 52Synchronizing System Change Numbers 52Exploring the New Features of 11g Release 2 52Leveraging Grid Plug and Play 53Modeling Resources with Server Pools 55Ensuring POSIX Compliance with ACFS 56Using Oracle Restart Instead of RAC 57Simplifying Clusterd Database Access with SCAN Listener 59Summary 60Availability Considerations 63Deciding the Number of Nodes 65viOnline Maintenance and Patching 67Instance Recovery in RAC 72Failover Considerations 74Transparent Application Failover 75Fast Connection Failover and Fast Application Notification 76Scalability Considerations 77Scalability Enhancers 78Scalability Inhibitors 79Standby Databases 81Introduction to Oracle Standby Databases 82Types of Standby Database 83Active Data Guard 85Extended Distance Clusters 90Oracle Streams 91Streams Processing 92Oracle Streams Prerequisites 93Cluster Topologies 94Summary 95Oracle Availability 98Server Processor Architecture 99x86 Processor Fundamentals 99Multicore Processors and Hyper-Threading 103CPU Cache 106CPU Power Management 109Virtualization 111Memory 112Virtual Memory 112viiPhysical Memory 113NUMA 116Memory Reliability 125Additional Platform Features 125Onboard RAID Storage 126Machine Check Architectures 126Remote Server Management and IPMI 127Network Interconnect Technologies 127Server I/O 128Private Interconnect 131Storage Technologies 136RAC I/O Characteristics 137Hard Disk and Solid State Disk Drive Performance 143RAID 147Storage Protocols for Linux 153Summary 164Virtualization Definition and Benefits 165Oracle VM 168Oracle VM Server Architecture 168Oracle VM Design 174Oracle VM Server Installation 178Oracle VM Manager Installation 183Oracle VM CLI Installation and Configuration 186Configuring Oracle VM 187Network Configuration 187Server Pool Configuration 192Installing and Configuring Guests 208Importing a Template 209Creating a Guest from a Template 210Accessing a Guest 212Configuring a Guest for RAC 214Managing Domains 216Oracle VM Agent 216Oracle VM Manager 218Oracle VM Manager CLI 220The xm Command-Line Interface 222Summary 230Selecting the Right Linux Software 231Reviewing the Hardware Requirements 232Drilling Down on Networking Requirements 233Configuring a GNS or a Manual IP 233Configuring DNS and DHCP 236Downloading the Linux Software 243Preparing for a Network Install 243Installing Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 247Starting the Installation 247Installation Media Check 247Anaconda Installation 247Install or Upgrade 248Disk Partitioning 248Configuring the Boot Loader and Network 259Selecting a Time Zone 260Configuring the Root Password 261Reviewing the Package Installation Defaults 261ixSelecting a Package Group 261Installing Packages 263Setting the Final Configuration 263Accepting the License Agreement 263Configuring the Firewall 263Configuring SELinux 263Enabling kdump 264Setting the Date and Time 264Creating a User 265Installing Additional CDs 265Configuring Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 265Configuring a Server with the Oracle Validated RPM 266Verifying the Oracle Validated RPM Actions 270Post Oracle Validated RPM Configuration 282Completing the Linux Configuration for RAC 292Configuring Shared Storage 298Discovering and Configuring SAN Disk 299Network Channel Bonding 313I/O Fencing with IPMI 317Summary 322Getting Ready for Installation 323Obtain Software Distribution 323Configure X Environment 324Determining Configuration Type 327Advanced Installation - Manual Configuration 327Network Configuration 328DNS Configuration 329Choosing an Installation Option 330xSelecting an Advanced or Typical Installation Type 332Selecting a Language. 333Configuring the Grid Plug and Play. 334Configuring the Cluster Node Information Page 336Configuring the Network Interface Usage Page 337Configuring the Storage Option Information Page. 338Creating an ASM Disk Group 340Specifying an ASM Password. 341Specifying a Username and Password for IPMI. 342Configuring Privileged Operating System Groups. 342Setting the Installation Location. 344Specify the Central Inventoryâs Location. 345Performing Prerequisite Checks. 345Reviewing the Summary Page. 351Setup Page 352Reviewing Execute Configuration Scripts. 352Monitoring Configuration Assistants 359Implementing an Advanced Installation for Automatic Configuration 360Configuring a Network Configuration 360Configuring DNS 362Configuring DHCP 363Setting up the Grid Plug and Play Information Page. 364Configuring the Cluster Node Information Page 365The Summary Page 366Typical Installation 367Choosing the Installation Type 367Specifying the Cluster Configuration Page. 368Install Locations Page. 369Reviewing the Summary Page for a Typical Installation 370xiInstalling a Standalone Server 371Selecting an Installation Option 372Creating an ASM Disk Group Page 373Reviewing the Summary Page for a Standalone Installation 373Configuring the Execute Configuration Scripts 375Deinstalling the Grid Infrastructure Software 376Summary 377Introducing Clusterware 379Examining the Hardware and Software Requirements 380Using Shared Storage with Oracle Clusterware 381Storing Cluster Information with the Oracle Cluster Registry 381Storing Information in the Oracle Local Registry 382Fencing with the Voting Disk 382Recording Information with the Grid Plug and Play Profile 383Using Background Processes 384Grid Infrastructure Software Stacks 384Drilling Down on the High Availability Stack 385Drilling Down on the Cluster Ready Services Stack 386Using Grid Infrastructure Agents 388Initiating the Startup Sequence 389Managing Oracle Clusterware 391Using the Enterprise Manager 392Using the Clusterware Control Utility 392Managing Resources with srvctl 395Verifying the Cluster with the CVU 396Configuring Network Interfaces with oifcfg 400Administering the OCR and OLR with ocrconfig 400Checking the State of the OCR and its Mirrors with ocrcheck 400Defining Server-Side Callouts 401Protecting Applications with Clusterware 403Managing Resource Profiles 403Configuring Active/Passive Clustering for Oracle Database 404Configuring Active/Passive Clustering for Apache Tomcat 409Using Oracle Restart 413Troubleshooting 415Resolving Startup Issues 415Resolving Problems with Java Utilities 422Patching Grid Infrastructure 422Adding and Deleting Nodes 426Adding Nodes 426Deleting Nodes 433Exploring More Advanced Topics 438Selecting non-Default Listener Ports 439Selecting a non-Default SCAN Listener Endpoint 442Changing the SCAN After Installation 443Maintaining Voting Disks 444Maintaining Local and Cluster Registry 448Summary 453Introducing ASM 455ASM Terminology 456Supported File Types 457ASM Management 458ASM and RDBMS Support 458ASM Installation 459ASM Components and Concepts 459ASM Instances 459Failure Groups 464ASM Files 465Redundancy 468Striping 468Mirroring 469Intelligent Data Placement 469Access Control 470Maintaining ASM 475Creating an ASM Disk Group 475Extending an ASM Disk Group 478Dropping Disks from an ASM Disk Group 479Enabling Disk Discovery 480Understanding the ASM Header 480Installing the Grid Infrastructure 481Re-creating the ASM Disks 482ASM Cluster File System 482Creating and Mounting an ACFS Using ASMCA 484Creating and Mounting an ACFS Using the Command Line 491Maintaining the ACFS 494Using ACFS with Oracle Restart 496Administering ASM 496Using SQL*Plus to Administer ASM 497ASM Administration Using SRVCTL 499Accessing Files in ASM 500Using Files Instead of Devices 501Virtualization and Shared Disks 502xivSummary 503Installing the RAC Software 505Start the Installer 505Configuring the Security Updates Page 506Configuring the Installation Options Page 506Configuring the Node Selection Page 507Configuring the Product Language Selection Page 508Configuring the Database Editions Page 509Configuring the Installation Locations Page 510Configuring the Privileged Operating Systems Group Page 511Configuring the Prerequisites Check Page 512Reviewing the Summary Page 512Executing Configuration Scripts 513Using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) 514Starting the DBCA and Choosing an Operation 514Creating a Database 516Reviewing the Summary Page 535Configuring the Database Options 536Deleting a Database 538Managing Templates 539Building Database Creation Scripts 539Setting up Admin-Managed Database Scripts 540Building Policy-Managed Database Scripts 552Deinstalling the RDBMS Software 555Summary 557Introducing Services 559Creating an Administrator Managed Database vs. Policy-Managed Database 560Managing Services with the Database Scheduler 561Using Services with Shared Server 563Managing Services 564Managing Services with SRVCTL 564Managing Services with Enterprise Manager 569Managing Services with DBMS_SERVICE 572Balancing the Workload 572Configuring Client-Side Load Balancing 573Configuring Server-Side Load Balancing 574Exploring the Load Advisory Framework 576Using Transparent Application Failover 577Implementing Fast Connection Failover 584Using the Resource Manager 597Caging an Instance 600Database Resident Connection Pool 601Summary 604Enterprise Manager Database Control 608The Cluster Tab 609The Database Tab 611The Performance Tab 611AWR Reports 613Interpreting the RAC Statistics of an AWR Report 617Top 5 Timed Foreground Events 618Global Cache Load Profile 619Global Cache Efficiency Percentages 619Global Cache and Enqueue Services - Workload Characteristics 619Global Cache and Enqueue Services - Messaging Statistics 620Cluster Interconnect 620Foreground Wait Class 621Wait Event Histogram 621âSQL Statementâ Sections 622RAC-Related Segment Statistics 622Dictionary Cache Stats (RAC) 623Library Cache Activity (RAC) 623Global Messaging Statistics 624Global CR Served Statistics 624Global Current Served Statistics 624Global Cache Transfer Statistics 625Interconnect Statistics 626Dynamic Remastering Statistics 626Active Session History 627Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor 629Executing an ADDM Report 629Controlling ADDM 629The Report Format 631AWR SQL Report 631Performance Monitoring Using SQL*Plus 632GV$ Views 633System Statistics 633Segment Statistics 633Global Caches Services: Consistent and Current Reads 635Global Cache Services: Current Block Activity 637Global Enqueue Service 640Library Cache 641Dictionary Cache 642Lock Conversions 642Automatic Diagnostic Repository 644Summary 652The uptime and last Commands 653The ps Command 654free, ipcs, pmap, and lsof 655The free Command 655The /proc File System 656The /sys/devices/system/node File System 657The ipcs Command 658The pmap Command 658The lsof Command 660top 660vmstat 662strace 663netstat, ss, and tcpdump 664Looking at Interface Statistics 664Summary Statistics 665Listening Socket Statistics 665Looking up Well-Known Ports 666Reporting on Socket Statistics Using ss 666Capturing and Displaying Network Packets 667iostat 668mpstat 669sar and kSar 670Configuring sar 670Invoking sar Directly 671Graphing the Results 672Oracle Cluster Health Monitor 674Installing the Oracle Cluster Health Monitor 674Starting and Stopping the Oracle Cluster Health Monitor 677Understanding the Architecture 678Installing the Client-Side GUI 678Viewing Current and Captured Activity 679OSWatcher 680Installing OSWatcher 680Starting OSWatcher 681Stopping OSWatcher 681Viewing Results Graphically 682nmon 683Summary 685Parallel Execution Concepts 688Serial Execution 688Parallel Execution 689Producers and Consumers 691Bloom Filters 696Partitioning 698Parallel Execution Configuration 700cluster_interconnects 700db_block_size, db_cache_size, and db_file_multiblock_read_count 700instance_groups and parallel_instance_group 701large_pool_size, parallel_execution_message_size, and shared_pool_size 702parallel_adaptive_multi_user 702parallel_automatic_tuning 703parallel_degree_limit 703parallel_degree_policy, parallel_min_time_threshold, and parallel_servers_target 704parallel_force_local 707parallel_io_cap_enabled 707parallel_max_servers, parallel_min_servers, parallel_threads_per_cpu, and processes 708parallel_min_percent 708pga_aggregate_target 709Parallel Execution Performance 709AWR Reports 709SQL*Plus 713Trace Files 714Summary 715Upgrading Grid Infrastructure Components 717Installing the Prerequisites 718Running the Installer 719Specifying Options 720Running the Upgrade 725Upgrading RAC Software 729Running the Installer 730Running Configuration Scripts 732Preparing for the Database Upgrade 734Identifying the Upgrade Path 734Determine Upgrade Method 735Testing the Upgrade Process 735Running the pre-Upgrade Tool 736Performing Other Checks 741Saving Current Database Parameters 741Backing up the Database. 742Configuring the Listener Process 743Upgrading Automatically with DBUA 743Upgrading a Database Manually 752Preparing the Parameter Files. 754Preparing Password Files. 755Modifying the Initialization Parameters. 755Restarting the Database in UPGRADE Mode. 755Running the Catalog Upgrade Script 755Configuring SPFILE 756Running the post-Upgrade Status Tool. 757Running post-Upgrade Scripts 758Recompiling Invalid Packages. 760Updating /etc/oratab. 762Updating Environment Variables 762Updating the Oracle Cluster Registry. 762Setting the Initialization Parameters for the New Release. 763Performing the Necessary post-Upgrade Steps 764Completing Mandatory post-Upgrade Tasks 764Performing the Recommended Tasks 765Resolving Problems in Mixed-Database Environments 767Using a Swing Kit 768Summary 769 Index 771